Neurological Conditions
Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders
Tourette syndrome is a nervous-system condition characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic over time. Tics are sudden, repeated movements or sounds that are not performed by choice.
Core features
Understanding tics
Motor tics involve movement; vocal tics involve sounds. Simple tics use a small number of muscles or brief sounds, while complex tics involve coordinated movements or words and phrases. Some people describe a premonitory urge before a tic.
- blinking, facial movement, head or shoulder movement
- throat clearing, sniffing, grunting, or other sounds
- patterns that wax and wane
- temporary suppression may be possible but can be uncomfortable
Variation over time
Course and co-occurring conditions
Tics commonly begin in childhood and can change in location, form, and intensity. ADHD, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety, and learning difficulties may coexist and can sometimes have greater daily impact than the tics themselves.
Professional care
Diagnosis and management
Diagnosis considers the kinds of tics, age of onset, duration, history, and whether another condition or substance better explains them. Treatment may not be needed when tics are mild and do not cause impairment. When support is needed, clinicians may consider behavioral therapy such as comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics, medication, education, and care for co-occurring conditions.
Reducing stigma
Correcting a common misconception
Tourette syndrome does not mean that everyone involuntarily uses obscene language. Coprolalia occurs in a minority of people with Tourette syndrome. Ridicule, imitation, and demands to “just stop” can increase distress and stigma.
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